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Chung Keng Quee
Kapitan China Chung Keng Quee (, 182113 December1901)〔(Researched by his great grandson, Jeffery Seow)〕 was the founder and administrator of modern Taiping in Perak, Malaysia.〔Melaka: the transformation of a Malay capital, c. 1400-1980, Volume 2 written by Kernial Singh Sandhu, Paul Wheatley, Abdul Aziz bin Mat Ton, published by Oxford University Press, 1983, P 327, ISBN 0-19-580492-9, ISBN 978-0-19-580492-8〕〔Who's who in Malaysia & Singapore By John Victor Morais Published by Who's Who Publications, 1978; p. 26〕〔Southeast Asian Urbanism: The Meaning and Power of Social Space by Evers, Hans-Dieter Evers, Rüdiger Korff page 49〕〔Founder of Taiping, Compiled by NSTP Research & Information Services, Sunday Mail (The Malay Mail), 27 June 2004〕〔Mitteilungen der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Natur- und Völkerkunde Ostasiens, Volume 75; Volume 77 by Gesellschaft für Natur- und Völkerkunde Ostasiens, 1979, pf 477, Item notes: v. 75; v. 77 - 1979〕 Appointed "Captain China" by the British in 1877,〔The Chinese in Penang - A Pictorial History (Binglang Yu Hua ren shi tu lu), Tan, Kim-Hong, ISBN 978-983-42834-7-6〕 he was a millionaire philanthropist and known as an innovator in the mining of tin. He was involved in many other industries including farming, pawnbroking and logging.〔66 Usahawan Malaysia by Mohamad Ashadi bin Mohd Zaini, Page 162〕〔(Pioneer businessman in Malaysian Business, Oct 16, 2003 by Clarence Y K Ngui )〕 He was respected by both Chinese and European communities in the early colonial settlement.〔The Chinese in Southeast Asia and beyond: socioeconomic and political dimensions By Qinghuang Yan, Published by World Scientific, 2008, ISBN 981-279-047-0, ISBN 978-981-279-047-7, 457 pages, Page 393〕 His survival in the chaotic era owes much to his standing as leader of the Hai San, a Chinese secret society in British Malaya during the time of the Larut Wars (1862–73).〔The Journals of J. W. W. Birch, First British Resident to Perak, 1874-1875 By James Wheeler Woodford Birch pg 63; A Gallery of Chinese Kapitans by CS Wong〕 a position he is said to have held till early 1884〔C. A. Schultz S.C.A. Perak and Acting Protector of Chinese, Singapore in his memo of 16 July 1884 C.S.O. Perak 6795/84 on The Powell Report notes that Chung Keng Quee informed him that he had resigned his membership in the Hai San in the beginning of the year〕 although in all probability he continued to remain a leading member.〔W.A. Pickering's response of 13 August 1884 to C.A. Schultz memo of 16 July shows that Pickering was aware that the secret societies and indeed their headmen were still very much at large.〕 The old fort at Teluk Batu was built by him to safeguard the mine that he opened there.〔Malaysia in history, Volumes 3-5 By Persatuan Sejarah Malaysia (Malaysian Historical Society), 1956〕 He was a member of the Commission for the Pacification of Larut and sat as one of six members of the Advisory Perak State Council appointed by the British.〔Papers on Malayan History - Page 100, by Kenneth Gordon Tregonning - 1962, Published 1962, Journal of Southeast Asian History〕 Commenting on the role of the Perak Council, Richard James Wilkinson wrote,
"It is for the reader, in the light of subsequent events, to judge how far the Councillors were right or wrong, and to see for himself who really did the pioneer work of building up the prosperity of Perak. In the published accounts of British rule in Malaya, sufficient prominence has not always been given to the efforts of these early pioneers; the reaper, intent on his own work, is apt to forget the man who sowed. These Council Minutes are the record of the work of the sowers. A study of that record will show how much the State owes to Sir Hugh Low and to his fellow-Councillors, especially Raja Dris (the present Sultan), Sir William Maxwell, and the Chinese towkays, ''Ah Kwi'' (Keng Quee ) and Ah Yam."〔Preface by General Editor Richard James Wilkinson, History, Part III, Council Minutes, Perak, 1877 - 1879, Papers on Malay Subjects (Published by direction of the Government of the Federated Malay States by Richard James Wilkinson)〕
== Early history ==
Third among his father's five sons, Chung Keng Quee was born into a peasant Hakka family in Xin Cun (新村) village, Cheng Sheng (Zengcheng 增城) county of Guangdong province, China.
At the time of his death the Perak Pioneer & Native States Advertiser VOL VIII Taiping Saturday 14 December 1901 reports: ''"Precise information as to the date of his arrival in Perak is difficult to obtain but it is apparently certain that he has passed over forty-five years in the State before he retired to Penang."'' It is believed that in 1841, he journeyed from China to British Malaya in a junk, sent by his mother, Madam Lai, to look for his father, Chung, Hsing Fah (Chung, Xingfa 郑兴发; Hakka: Chang Hin Fatt). He had left his wife (Madam Lin) in China to look after his elderly mother.〔See 'Chia-pi-tan Cheng Ching-kuei' (Kapitan Chung Keng Quee) and 'Cheng Ching-kuei kung yen-p'ei Lin fu-jen (Madam Lin: Wife of Chung Keng Quee), in Chang Wei-yung (editor), Hsin Ma Tseng Lung hui-kuan lien-ho t'e-k'an (Souvenir Magazine of the Tseng Lung Association in Singapore and Malaysia), Penang, 1969 pp 57-8〕〔Kek Lok Si: Temple of Paradise by Choon-san Wong, Malaysian Sociological Research Institute, 1963 pp93〕 He is thought to have been 20 years of age at that time.〔广东省地方史志编纂委员会, 2010. 广东省志: 华侨志 - Volume 47 of 广东省志, 广东省地方史志编纂委员会(Local Chronicles Compilation Committee of Guangdong Province, 2010. Guangdong Province zhi: Huaqiao zhi Volume 47 of Guangdong Province, Chi , Local Chronicles Compilation Committee of Guangdong Province.)〕 Chung Hsing Fa, had come to Malaya as an indentured labourer during a time of great turbulence in China to make a living and support his family in China (see First and Second Opium Wars and Taiping Rebellion). After some time when Madam Lai received no news from her husband she sent Chung Keng Seng (鄭景勝 / 郑景胜), her second son. Still receiving no news, she then sent Keng Quee. When Keng Quee arrived in Perak, he discovered that both his father Hsing Fa and his brother Keng Seng were by that time well established in business. In fact, Keng Seng was so popular he was known as Lui Kong Seng (literally Thunder God Seng). His father, Hsing Fa was one of the early leaders of the Tseng Lung association on King Street.〔Chinese in Penang By KimHong Tan (陈剑虹), 2007 p.54〕 Keng Quee entered the mining business which his father and brother were engaged in. By 1860 he controlled the Penang-based Hai San Secret Society as well as the Larut tin-fields the Hai San were associated with. Information about his career before that time is generally unknown.〔Kek Lok Si: Temple of Paradise By Choon-san Wong, Malaysian Sociological Research Institute, 1963, pp 11, 93, 127〕
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